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CNS & pituitary tumors

Authors: Eman Abdelzaher, M.D., Ph.D., Zubair Ahmad, M.B.B.S., Saman Seyed Ahmadian, M.D., Jared T. Ahrendsen, M.D., Ph.D., Ethar Al-Husseinawi, M.B.Ch.B., Ph.D., Sanda Alexandrescu, M.D., Sarah A. Anderson, D.O., Manila Antonelli, M.D., Ph.D., Sylvia L. Asa, M.D., Ph.D., Valeria Barresi, M.D., Ph.D., Chunyu Cai, M.D., Ph.D., Daniel D. Child, M.D., Ph.D., P.J. Cimino, M.D., Ph.D., Brenndan Crumley, M.D., M.P.H., Antonio d’Amati, M.D., Chris Dampier, M.D., Yanel De Los Santos, M.D., John DeWitt, M.D., Ph.D., Angela France, D.O., Francesca Gianno, M.D., Ph.D., Jesse L. Kresak, M.D., Nelli S. Lakis, M.D., M.Sc., Maria Martinez-Lage, M.D., Aisha Memon, M.B.B.S., Ashirwad Merve, M.B.B.S., Ph.D., Mohammad Khurram Minhas, M.B.B.S., Meaghan Morris, M.D., Ph.D., Davide Mulone, M.D., Rachel A. Multz, M.D., Nat Pernick, M.D., Michael Punsoni, M.D., Bharat Ramlal, M.D., Pooya Roozdar, M.D., M.P.H., Katherine Schwetye, M.D., Ph.D., Nirupama Singh, M.D., Ph.D., Arnault Tauziede-Espariat, M.D., Ph.D., Diana Thomas, M.D., Ph.D., Mariana Voudouri, M.D., Anthony T. Yachnis, M.D., Irfan Yasin, M.B.B.S., Rebecca Yoda, M.D., George Zanazzi, M.D., Ph.D.

Last staff update: 2 July 2024

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Editorial Board oversight: Jared T. Ahrendsen, M.D., Ph.D. (last reviewed April 2023), P.J. Cimino, M.D., Ph.D. (last reviewed April 2023), Chunyu Cai, M.D. (last reviewed December 2022)
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Table of contents
General:anatomy & histology-pineal gland books CNS-gross (pending) CNS-histology (pending) CNS tumors NOS/NEC (pending) DNA methylation classification of CNS tumors grossing, features to report & staging WHO classification
Cysts:arachnoid cyst choroid plexus cyst colloid cyst dermoid cyst enterogenous cyst epidermoid cyst glioependymal / ependymal cyst meningeal cyst pineal cyst Rathke cleft cyst simple cyst synovial cyst syrinx
Gliomas, glioneuronal tumors and neuronal tumors:glioma overview WHO grading of gliomas astrocytoma, IDH mutant glioblastoma, IDH wild type oligodendroglioma, IDH mutant and 1p / 19q codeleted
Other astrocytic tumors:astroblastoma, MN1 altered chordoid glioma gliosarcoma high grade astrocytoma with piloid features (HGAP) pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma pilocytic astrocytoma pilomyxoid astrocytoma subependymal giant cell astrocytoma
Pediatric type diffuse high grade gliomas:diffuse hemispheric glioma, H3 G34 mutant diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27 altered diffuse pediatric type high grade glioma, H3 wildtype and IDH wildtype (pending) infant type hemispheric glioma (pending)
Pediatric type diffuse low grade gliomas:angiocentric glioma diffuse astrocytoma, MYB or MYBL1 altered (pending) diffuse low grade glioma, MAPK pathway altered polymorphous low grade neuroepithelial tumor of the young (PLNTY)
Ependymal tumors:ependymoma myxopapillary ependymoma subependymoma
Neuronal and mixed neuronal-glial tumors:central neurocytoma cerebellar liponeurocytoma desmoplastic infantile astrocytoma / ganglioglioma diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumor dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor dysplastic cerebellar gangliocytoma (Lhermitte-Duclos disease) extraventricular neurocytoma gangliocytoma & ganglioglioma multinodular and vacuolating neuronal tumor (MVNT) (pending) papillary glioneuronal tumor rosette forming glioneuronal tumor (RGNT)
Embryonal tumors
Medulloblastoma:medulloblastoma SHH activated
Other embryonal tumors:atypical teratoid / rhabdoid tumor CNS embryonal tumor, NOS/NEC (pending) CNS neuroblastoma, FOXR2 activated CNS tumor with BCOR internal tandem duplication (pending) embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes
Choroid plexus tumors:choroid plexus tumors (papilloma, atypical papilloma, carcinoma)
Pineal tumors:desmoplastic myxoid tumor of the pineal region, SMARCB1 mutant papillary tumor of pineal region pineoblastoma pineocytoma pineal parenchymal tumor of intermediate differentiation
Meningeal tumors:meningioma WHO grading of meningiomas anaplastic meningioma atypical meningioma chordoid meningioma clear cell meningioma papillary meningioma rhabdoid meningioma
Germ cell tumors:germ cell tumors
Sellar region tumors:adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma granular cell tumor (sellar) papillary craniopharyngioma pituicytoma pituitary hyperplasia pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (PitNET) spindle cell oncocytoma
Lymphoma & histiocytic tumors:histiocytic tumors intravascular large B cell lymphoma lymphomatoid granulomatosis MALT lymphoma of the dura (pending) miscellaneous rare CNS lymphomas primary CNS lymphoma
Other tumors:cauda equina neuroendocrine tumor CIC rearranged sarcoma hemangioblastoma intracranial mesenchymal tumor, FET::CREB fusion positive (pending) melanocytic tumors / melanoma meningioangiomatosis metastases paraneoplastic syndromes primary intracranial sarcoma, DICER1 mutant (pending) schwannoma solitary fibrous tumor
CNS tumor stains: ATRX BRAF V600E GFAP H3K27M (pending) IDH1 (R132H) NeuN NFP / neurofilament Olig2 SSTR2A synaptophysin

Superpages: entire chapterimagesvirtual slides
Index (Alphabetical table of contents)
A-E:adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma anaplastic meningioma anatomy & histology-pineal gland angiocentric glioma arachnoid cyst astroblastoma, MN1 altered astrocytoma, IDH mutant atypical meningioma atypical teratoid / rhabdoid tumor cauda equina neuroendocrine tumor central neurocytoma cerebellar liponeurocytoma chordoid glioma chordoid meningioma choroid plexus cyst choroid plexus tumors (papilloma, atypical papilloma, carcinoma) CIC rearranged sarcoma clear cell meningioma CNS embryonal tumor, NOS/NEC (pending) CNS neuroblastoma, FOXR2 activated CNS tumor with BCOR internal tandem duplication (pending) CNS tumors NOS/NEC (pending) CNS-gross (pending) CNS-histology (pending) colloid cyst dermoid cyst desmoplastic infantile astrocytoma / ganglioglioma desmoplastic myxoid tumor of the pineal region, SMARCB1 mutant diffuse astrocytoma, MYB or MYBL1 altered (pending) diffuse hemispheric glioma, H3 G34 mutant diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumor diffuse low grade glioma, MAPK pathway altered diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27 altered diffuse pediatric type high grade glioma, H3 wildtype and IDH wildtype (pending) DNA methylation classification of CNS tumors dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor dysplastic cerebellar gangliocytoma (Lhermitte-Duclos disease) embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes enterogenous cyst ependymoma epidermoid cyst extraventricular neurocytoma
F-N:gangliocytoma & ganglioglioma germ cell tumors glioblastoma, IDH wild type glioependymal / ependymal cyst glioma overview gliosarcoma granular cell tumor (sellar) grossing, features to report & staging hemangioblastoma high grade astrocytoma with piloid features (HGAP) histiocytic tumors infant type hemispheric glioma (pending) intracranial mesenchymal tumor, FET::CREB fusion positive (pending) intravascular large B cell lymphoma lymphomatoid granulomatosis MALT lymphoma of the dura (pending) medulloblastoma melanocytic tumors / melanoma meningeal cyst meningioangiomatosis meningioma metastases miscellaneous rare CNS lymphomas multinodular and vacuolating neuronal tumor (MVNT) (pending) myxopapillary ependymoma
O-Z:oligodendroglioma, IDH mutant and 1p / 19q codeleted papillary craniopharyngioma papillary glioneuronal tumor papillary meningioma papillary tumor of pineal region paraneoplastic syndromes pilocytic astrocytoma pilomyxoid astrocytoma pineal cyst pineal parenchymal tumor of intermediate differentiation pineoblastoma pineocytoma pituicytoma pituitary hyperplasia pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (PitNET) pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma polymorphous low grade neuroepithelial tumor of the young (PLNTY) primary CNS lymphoma primary intracranial sarcoma, DICER1 mutant (pending) Rathke cleft cyst rhabdoid meningioma rosette forming glioneuronal tumor (RGNT) schwannoma SHH activated simple cyst solitary fibrous tumor spindle cell oncocytoma subependymal giant cell astrocytoma subependymoma synovial cyst syrinx WHO classification WHO grading of gliomas WHO grading of meningiomas
CNS & pituitary tumors books

Asa: 2020

Ellison: 2013

Gill: 2022

Gray: 2018

Gupta: 2016

Husain: 2021

IARC: 2022

Kleinschmidt-DeMasters: 2022

Love: 2015

Perry: 2017

Rodriguez: 2016



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