Pathology Outlines

Stains & CD markers
CD80-89

Last author update: 1 February 2002

Last staff update: 24 June 2021

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PubMed Search: CD80[title], CD81[title], CD82[title], CD83[title], CD84, CD85, CD86[title], CD87, CD88, CD89

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Table of Contents

CD80 | CD81 | CD82 | CD83 | CD84 | CD85 | CD85A | CD85B | CD85C | CD85D | CD85E | CD85F | CD85G | CD85H | CD85I | CD85J | CD85K | CD85L | CD85M | CD86 | CD87 | CD88 | CD89 | Diagrams / tables | Microscopic (histologic) images

Cite this page: Pernick N. CD80-89. PathologyOutlines.com website. https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/cdmarkerscd80.html. Accessed March 31st, 2025.

CD80

Also called B7-1, BB1
T cells need 2 signals for activation; the first signal is antigen peptide presented on MHC class II through the T cell receptor
The second (costimulatory) signal is delivered by CD80 or CD86, expressed on surface of antigen presenting cells, which interact with either CD28 or CD152 (CTLA-4)
Has critical role in autoimmune, humoral and transplant responses
Increased expression may cause excessive antigen presentation in fulminant hepatic failure, as an early step in its pathogenesis before the onset of tissue damage (Am J Pathol 1999;154:1711)
Receptor for some adenovirus species (Virus Res 2006;122:144)
No significant clinical use by pathologists
Positive staining - normal: activated B cells, T cells, macrophages and dendritic cells
Reference: OMIM: 112203 [Accessed 3 May 2021]

CD81

Also called Target of an Anti-Proliferative Antibody (TAPA1)
Receptor for Hepatitis C Virus E2 protein in B cells (J Virol 2006;80:8695)
Also required for Plasmodium falciparum infectivity (Nat Med 2003;9:93)
Upregulation on HIV1+ B cells may ultimately cause lymphoproliferative disorders (Clin Exp Immunol 2007;147:53)
On B cells, is complexed with CD21, CD19 and Leu13; facilitates complement recognition
Member of tetraspanin family; has close associations with major histocompatibility complex class I/II proteins
Appears to promote muscle cell fusion and support myotube maintenance
No significant clinical use by pathologists
Positive staining - normal: lymphocytes, endothelial cells and epithelial cells
Positive staining - tumors:
- HCV+ splenic diffuse large B cell lymphoma (Hum Pathol 2005;36:878)
- Burkitt’s lymphoma cell lines, neuroblastoma cell lines (J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2000;22:20)
Negative staining: erythrocytes, platelets and neutrophils
Reference: OMIM: 186845 [Accessed 3 May 2021]

CD82

Also called prostate cancer antimetastasis gene KAI1, kangai 1 (Chinese for anticancer)
Metastasis suppressor gene
Expression correlates with p53 expression
Reduced expression of CD82 is associated with metastases / poor prognosis in carcinomas of:
- Bladder (Int J Urol 2004;11:74)
- Breast (Am J Pathol 1998;153:973, J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2005;131:191)
- Colon (World J Gastroenterol 2004;10:2245)
- Endometrium (Clin Cancer Res 2003;9:1393)
- Larynx (Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Ke Za Zhi 2005;19:1065)
- Oral cavity (Clin Cancer Res 2002;8:828)
- Thyroid (Int J Mol Med 2004;14:517, Pathol Res Pract 2003;199:79)
Expression reduces function of urokinase type plasminogen activator receptor (J Biol Chem 2005;280:14811)
Uses by pathologists: possible use as prognostic marker (see above)
Positive staining - normal: activated / differentiated hematopoietic cells, endothelial cells and epithelium
Negative staining: erythrocytes
Reference: OMIM: 600623 [Accessed 3 May 2021]

CD83

Also called HB15
May assist in antigen presentation or cellular interactions that follow lymphocyte activation
Soluble form inhibits dendritic cell maturation and inhibits dendritic cell-mediated T cell proliferation (J Med Dent Sci 2006;53:85)
Elevated serum levels seen in mantle cell lymphoma and CLL (Leuk Res 2004;28:237)
Higher number of activated dendritic cells may be good prognostic factor for breast carcinoma (Int J Cancer 2003;104:92), cholangiocarcinoma (Hum Pathol 2004;35:881), colorectal liver metastases (Hum Pathol 2004;35:1392), gallbladder carcinoma (Oncol Rep 2005;14:353), gastric carcinoma-EBV+ (Am J Surg Pathol 2006;30:59) and advanced (Oncol Rep 2005;14:369)
Uses by pathologists: marker for activated dendritic cells
Positive staining - normal:
- Activated (mature) dendritic cells, activated T and B lymphocytes, monocytes / macrophages (transient) (Biochem J 2005;385:85)
- Langerhans cells, thymic epithelial cells, neutrophils during acute bacterial infection (Clin Exp Immunol 2002;130:501)
- Decidua (Am J Pathol 2000;157:159)
Positive staining - disease:
- Infantile hemangioma endothelium (Am J Pathol 2006;168:621)
- Reed-Sternberg cells (Pathology 1997;29:294)
- Churg-Strauss syndrome myocarditis in inflammatory infiltrates (Arch Pathol Lab Med 2003;127:98)
Reference: OMIM: 604534 [Accessed 3 May 2021]

CD84

Also called Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule 5 (SLAM5)
Adhesion molecule that increases proliferative responses of activated T cells (J Immunol 2003;171:2485)
Mediates platelet aggregation (Blood 2005;106:3028)
No significant clinical use by pathologists
Positive staining - normal:
- B cells, thymocytes (J Immunol 2001;167:3668)
- Mature T cells, memory T cells (high) (Tissue Antigens 2004;64:132)
- Monocytes / macrophages, platelets, dendritic cells, granulocytes and CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells (Exp Hematol 2003;31:798)
Reference: OMIM: 604513 [Accessed 3 May 2021]

CD85

Previously entire Immunoglobulin-like Transcript (ILT) family was clustered as CD85; now subclassified as CD85a to CD85m
Also called Leukocyte Immunoglobulin-like Receptors (LIR) and Monocyte / Macrophage Immunoglobulin-like Receptors (MIR)
CD85 itself is now called CD85J
Family of immunoreceptors expressed on monocytes and B cells; lower levels on dendritic cells and NK cells
Prevents NK / T cell killing and inhibits B cells by negative signaling receptors
Note: some family members have activating functions (see specific family members below)
References: Nat Immunol 2001;2:661, J Biol Chem 2006;281:19536

CD85A

Also called ILT5, LIR3, LILRB3 (leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily, member 3), HL9
Involved in NK mediated cytotoxicity
An inhibitory receptor for MHC class I molecules
No significant clinical use by pathologists
Positive staining: myeloid cells, monocytes / macrophages, B cells, T cells (some), NK cells, basophils, eosinophils, dendritic cells (weak) (Blood 2004;104:2832, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2003;100:1174)
Reference: OMIM: 604820 [Accessed 3 May 2021]

CD85B

Also called ILT8, LILRA6 (formerly LILRB6)
Involved in the activation of NK mediated cytotoxicity
No significant clinical use by pathologists
Positive staining: NK and T cell subsets, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells and B lymphocytes

CD85C

Also called LIR8, LILRB5
May act as receptor for class I MHC antigens
No significant clinical use by pathologists
Positive staining: NK cells
Reference: OMIM: 604814 [Accessed 3 May 2021]

CD85D

Also called ILT4, LIR2, MIR10, LILRB2
Down regulates the immune response; involved in the development of tolerance
Upregulated by HLA-G in antigen-presenting cells, NK cells and T cells (FASEB J 2005;19:662)
Interacts with human leukocyte antigen A, B and G molecules and transmits negative signals that interfere with the activation of monocytes and dendritic cells (Hum Immunol 2004;65:700)
Also competes with CD8A for binding to class I MHC antigens
IL-10 renders dendritic cells hypostimulatory by upregulating cell surface CD85D and by inhibiting soluble CD85D in vitro; similar effect on endothelial cells (Eur J Immunol 2004;34:74, Eur J Immunol 2006;37:177)
No significant clinical use by pathologists
Positive staining: NK cells, T cells, monocytes / macrophages, dendritic cells, eosinophils (Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2003;100:1174)
Reference: OMIM: 604815 [Accessed 3 May 2021]

CD85E

Also called ILT6, LIR4, LILRA3
May act as soluble receptor for class I MHC antigens
Homozygous deletions associated with multiple sclerosis (7% vs 4% of normals) (Genes Immun 2005;6:445)
85% of Japanese lack functional CD85E alleles (Hum Genet 2006;119:436)
No significant clinical use by pathologists
Positive staining: B cells, NK cells, peripheral blood monocytes, lung
Reference: OMIM: 604818 [Accessed 3 May 2021]

CD85F

Also called ILT11, LILRB7, LIR9
May play a role in triggering innate immune responses (Blood 2003;101:1484)
Membrane bound and secreted
No significant clinical use by pathologists
Positive staining: neutrophils, monocytes
Negative staining: B cells, T cells, NK cells
Reference: OMIM: 606047 [Accessed 3 May 2021]

CD85G

Also called ILT7, LILRA4
May act as receptor for class I MHC antigens
No significant clinical use by pathologists
Positive staining: plasmacytoid dendritic cells (J Exp Med 2006;203:1399)
Negative staining: myeloid dendritic cells, other white blood cells

CD85H

Also called ILT1, LIR7, LILRA2
May act as receptor for class I MHC antigens
Activating receptor for eosinophils (Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2003;100:1174)
No significant clinical use by pathologists
Positive staining: basophils, myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (Blood 2004;104:2832)
Negative staining: monocytes, T cells, B cells, NK cells
Reference: OMIM: 604812 [Accessed 3 May 2021]

CD85I

Also called LIR6, CD85i
Note: since some biologists use lower case, CD85l [CD85L] may be confused with CD85i
No significant clinical use by pathologists
Positive staining: B cells, monocytes
Negative staining: dendritic cells, NK cells, T cells
References: OMIM: 604810 [Accessed 3 May 2021], J Immunol 2003;171:3056

CD85J

Also called CD85, LIR1, ILT2, MIR7, LILRB1
Transduces negative signals that prevent killing of MHC class I expressing cells
Binds classical (HLA-A and HLA-B) and non-classical (HLA-G, HLA-E and HLA-F) MHC class I molecules
Upregulated by HLA-G in antigen presenting cells, NK cells and T cells (FASEB J 2005;19:662)
Receptor for CMV UL18 protein, which resembles MHC class I molecules (J Virol 2005;79:2251)
No significant clinical use by pathologists
Positive staining: B cells, monocytes, dendritic cells (low), T cells (some), NK cells (some)
Reference: OMIM: 604811 [Accessed 3 May 2021]

CD85K

Also called ILT3, LIR5, HM18, LILRB4
Upregulated by HLA-G in antigen-presenting cells, NK cells and T cells (FASEB J 2005;19:662)
Receptor for class I MHC antigens
Recognizes broad spectrum of HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C and HLA-G alleles
Involved in downregulation of immune response and development of tolerance, including transplants (Int Immunol 2004;16:1055)
Aspirin use is associated with upregulation (Am J Transplant 2006;6:2046)
No significant clinical use by pathologists
Positive staining: dendritic cells (various), monocytes / macrophages, endothelial cells (Gene 2004;331:159, J Exp Med 1997;185:1743, Transplantation 2006;82:S30)
Reference: OMIM: 604821 [Accessed 3 May 2021]

CD85L

Also called ILT9, LILRA6P, LILRP1
No significant clinical use by pathologists
Reference: Eur J Immunol 1998;28:3959

CD85M

Also called ILT10, LILRA5
No significant clinical use by pathologists
Positive staining: T cell subsets, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells and B lymphocytes (Washington State University)

CD86

Also called B7-2
T cells need 2 signals for activation: the first signal is antigen peptide presented on MHC class II through the T cell receptor
The second (costimulatory) signal is delivered by CD80 or CD86, expressed on surface of antigen presenting cells, which interact with either CD28 or CD152 (CTLA-4)
CD80 and CD86 appear to have opposing functions on regulatory T cells (J Immunol 2004;172:2778)
Polymorphisms are associated with:
- Liver transplant acceptance (Transpl Immunol 2005;15:69)
- Systemic sclerosis (Int J Immunogenet 2006;33:155)
Increased expression may cause excessive antigen presentation in fulminant hepatic failure as an early step in its pathogenesis before the onset of tissue damage (Am J Pathol 1999;154:1711)
High circulating soluble levels are poor prognostic factor in myeloma (Br J Haematol 2006;133:165)
- Associated with severe asthma (Thorax 2004;59:870)
Receptor for some adenovirus species (Virus Res 2006;122:144)
Associated with H. pylori dependent early stage high grade MALT lymphoma of stomach (World J Gastroenterol 2005;11:4357)
No significant clinical use by pathologists
Positive staining - normal:
- B cells, thymocytes (J Immunol 2001;167:3668)
- Mature T cells, memory T cells (high, Tissue Antigens 2004;64:132)
- Monocytes / macrophages, platelets, dendritic cells, granulocytes and CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells (Exp Hematol 2003;31:798)
- Interdigitating dendritic cells in T zones of secondary lymphoid organs, Langerhans cells, peripheral blood dendritic cells, memory B cells, germinal center B cells, monocytes, endothelial cells, activated T cells
Positive staining - disease:
- AML (29%) (Clin Cancer Res 2005;11:5708)
- Ulcerative colitis (100%) (Dig Dis Sci 2004;49:1738)
Negative staining: immature dendritic cells
Reference: OMIM: 601020 [Accessed 3 May 2021]

CD87

Also called urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPA-R), PLAUR
Membrane protein responsible for plasmin expression on cells
Binds both the proprotein and mature forms of urokinase plasminogen activator
Subject to negative feedback regulation by uPA, which cleaves it to an inactive form
Implicated in metastasis - receptors for uPA and plasmin are found at leading edge of tumor cells; plasmin causes hydrolysis of extra-cellular matrix proteins in the path of cellular invasion
Plasma levels of different soluble receptors are increased and predict mortality in HIV patients (J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2005;39:23)
Pre-storage leukofiltration reduces transfusion reactions, perhaps due to reduction in soluble CD87 (Transfus Med 2004;14:305)
Hypoxia and glucose deprivation may induce tumor invasion and metastases by upregulating CD87 (Exp Mol Med 2004;36:57, Exp Cell Res 2006;312:1685)
Upregulated by dialysis and associated with clinical findings (Blood Purif 2006;24:236)
Receptor for Group A Streptococcus (J Mol Biol 2005;350:27)
No significant clinical use by pathologists
Positive staining. - normal:
- T cells, NK cells, monocytes / macrophages, bands and neutrophils (Cytometry B Clin Cytom 2003;51:9)
- Endothelial cells, fibroblasts, basophils (J Immunol 2004;173:5739)
- Smooth muscle cells, keratinocytes, placental trophoblasts, hepatocytes
Positive staining - tumors:
- Carcinomas of breast (Am J Pathol 2000;157:1219)
- Colon and prostate; prostatic nodal metastases (Hum Pathol 2006;37:1442)
- Melanoma, malignant and benign primary CNS tumors (Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2005;13:184)
Negative staining: normal prostate, B / T cells and Hodgkin lymphoma (Am J Clin Pathol 1994;102:835)
References: OMIM: 173391 [Accessed 3 May 2021], Wikipedia: Urokinase receptor [Accessed 3 May 2021]

CD88

Also called C5R1, C5aR
Receptor for C5a, the chemotactic and inflammatory peptide anaphylatoxin
Stimulates chemotaxis, granule enzyme release and superoxide anion production
May potentiate leukotriene production in lung and contribute to inflammation in asthma (Microbiol Immunol 2005;49:981)
- But also protects against airway hyperresponsiveness (J Clin Invest 2006;116:783)
May also be involved in pathogenesis of COPD (Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2004;31:216)
CD87 may mediate upregulation of CD88 in glomerular mesangial cells (J Cell Sci 2005;118:2743, Nephrol Dial Transplant 2000;15:1888)
Reduced levels on neutrophils in HIV patients (J Infect Dis 2001;183:662)
CD88 antagonists may be useful for treating complement mediated disorders (J Biomed Biotechnol 2006;2006:28945, J Immunol 2005;174:783)
No significant clinical use by pathologists
Positive staining - normal:
- Granulocytes, macrophages / monocytes, dendritic cells, mast cells (variable) (J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005;115:1162)
- Eosinophils (Eur J Immunol 1996;26:1560)
- Endothelial cells, hepatocytes, reactive astrocytes and microglia (Am J Pathol 1997;150:31)
- Keratinocytes in inflamed skin (Am J Pathol 1999;154:495)
Positive staining - disease:
- Synoviocytes in arthritis (Chin Med J (Engl) 2003;116:1408)
- Mast cell sarcoma (Am J Surg Pathol 2003;27:1013)
Reference: OMIM: 113995 [Accessed 3 May 2021]

CD89

Also called FCAR, FCalphaR
IgA Fc receptor, binds IgA and eliminates IgA coated targets
Induces phagocytosis, degranulation, respiratory burst and killing of microorganisms
Pathogenic group A and group B streptococci produce virulence factors that block the binding of IgA to CD89, inhibiting IgA-mediated immunity (J Biol Chem 2006;281:1389)
No significant clinical use by pathologists
Positive staining - normal: neutrophils, monocytes / macrophages, activated eosinophils, alveolar and splenic macrophages, interstitial dendritic cells
Negative staining: mesangial cells (J Am Soc Nephrol 2000;11:241)
Reference: OMIM: 147045 [Accessed 3 May 2021]

Diagrams / tables

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