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Stains & CD markers
CD190-199

Author: Nat Pernick, M.D.

Last author update: 13 November 2019

Last staff update: 23 May 2024

Copyright: 2019-2025, PathologyOutlines.com, Inc.

Page views in 2025 to date: 30

Table of Contents

Cite this page: Pernick N. CD190-199. PathologyOutlines.com website. https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/cdmarkerscd190to199.html. Accessed April 2nd, 2025.

CD190

CD Marker not assigned to a set of antibodies as of 20 December 2011

CD191 / CCR1

Member of beta chemokine receptor family; its major ligands are CCL3 / MIP1ɑ, CCL5 / RANTES and CCL7 / MCP3 (PLoS One 2011;6:e21772)
Also called chemokine C-C motif receptor 1, CD191
Note: maize protein cinnamoyl-CoA reductase 1 is also called CCR1 (J Exp Bot 2011;62:3837)
Clinical features:
- Participates in pathogenesis of several renal diseases by orchestrating myeloid cell kidney infiltration (Am J Pathol 2012;180:1040)
- May play an important role in multiple myeloma (Future Med Chem 2011;3:1889)
- Antagonists are being developed for use in rheumatoid arthritis (Clin Pharmacol Ther 2011;89:726)
Positive stains: monocytes / macrophages, neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, dendritic cells, basophils (Allergy 2006;61:1054)

CD192 / CCR2

Receptor for MCP1, MCP3, MCP4 chemokines; alternative coreceptor with CD4 for HIV1
Abbreviation for chemokine C-C motif ligand 2 (CCL2) chemokine C-C motif receptor 2
Also known as CD192 but most publications use CCR2
Inflammatory cytokine with 374 amino acids that mediates biologic effects of CCL2, also known as monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1); CCL2-CCR2 may be involved in neuroinflammation and chronic pain (J Neuroinflammation 2012;9:136)
- In astrocytes, CCL2 binding may be CCR2 independent (Brain Res 2012;1437:115)
During chemotaxis, may act as scavenger consuming the chemokine (PLoS One 2012;7:e37208)
Clinical features:
- Reduced levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (PLoS One 2012;7:e37208)
- Mutations associated with reduced risk for:
  - Severe coronary artery disease (Intern Med 2011;50:2457)
  - Delay in progression of HIV to AIDS (AIDS 2000;14:483)
- Mutations associated with increased risk for:
  - Osteoporosis and osteopenia (Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2012;16:229)
  - Chronic renal failure (Intern Med 2011;502457:649)
  - Oral cancer (Oral Oncol 2011;47:577)
Uses by pathologists: none
Positive staining: neurons, monocytes; controversial if expressed on microglia or due to infiltrating monocytes
See Diagrams / tables

CD193 / CCR3

C-C chemokine receptor type 3; also known as CD193
G protein coupled receptor for eotaxins
Marker for Th2 cells (type 2 helper T cells, which promote humoral immune system)
Constitutively expressed at high levels in eosinophils; primary chemokine receptor responsible for eosinophil recruitment to inflamed tissues (Exp Mol Med 2012;44:268)
Clinical features:
- May play an integral role in pathogenesis of allergic diseases including asthma, allergic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis (Respir Res 2010;11:17)
  - Important drug target for inflammatory diseases
- May also play a role in:
  - Neovascular age related macular degeneration (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2011;52:8271, J Mol Cell Biol 2009;1:17)
  - Ulcerative colitis (Clin Exp Immunol 2010;162:337)
- CCR3 expression on peripheral blood lymphocytes is associated with EBV related infectious mononucleosis (Zhonghua Shi Yan He Lin Chuang Bing Du Xue Za Zhi 2010;24:355)
- CCR3 gene polymorphisms may contribute to aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease (Respir Med 2010;104:626)
Uses by pathologists: possible basophil selection marker for flow cytometry (Allergy 2011;66:85, Cytometry A 2011;79:102)
Positive staining - normal:
- Bronchial smooth muscle and epithelium (Clin Exp Allergy 2012;42:1040)
- Eosinophils, basophils, mast cells
- Th2 helper cells
- Epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts
Positive staining - disease:
- Cutaneous melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma (Ann Dermatol 2010;22:412)
- Cutaneous T cell lymphoma (J Invest Dermatol 2010;130:2304)
See Diagrams / tables

CD194 / CCR4

CC chemokine receptor 4
Seven transmembrane G protein coupled receptor, selectively expressed on Th2 cells and regulatory T cells
CCR4-NOT deadenylase complex is key eukaryotic regulator of gene transcription and cytoplasmic mRNA degradation (Protein Cell 2011;2:755, FEBS Lett 2011;585:2182)
Catalyzes removal of mRNA poly(A) tails, repressing translation and committing mRNA to degradation (RNA Biol 2013;10:228)
Receptor for CCL2 (MCP1), CCL4 (MIP1), CCL5 (RANTES), CCL17 (TARC), CCL22 (macrophage derived chemokine) (Wikipedia: CCR4 [Accessed 14 November 2022])
Clinical features:
- Tumor cells may function as Treg cells with CCR4 expression, contributing to tumor survival by downregulating host immunity; tumor cells also produce CCR4 ligands which attract other CCR4+ Treg cells to tumor site (Cancer Sci 2011;102:44)
- Humanized anti-CCR4 monoclonal antibody, mogamulizumab (KW-0761), is being studied to treat peripheral T cell lymphoma (Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2012;7:235)
Uses by pathologists: none
Positive staining - normal: Th2 cells and regulatory T cells
Positive staining - disease:
- Carcinomas of breast and stomach (Breast Cancer Res Treat 2012;131:837, Cancer Sci 2011;102:1264)
- Lymphoma:
  - Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (60% of nodal ALK tumors) (Mod Pathol 2002;15:838)
  - CLL in peripheral blood (low levels) (Eur J Haematol 2011;87:80)
  - Peripheral T cell lymphoma, including adult T cell leukemia / lymphoma (Am J Surg Pathol 2007;31:216)
  - Dermis based lymphomas (Am J Surg Pathol 2006;30:1111)
See Diagrams / tables

CD195 / CCR5

Chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 5; also known as CD195
Surface receptor and attachment site for HIV and SIV into CD4+ cells, along with CXCR4 (CD184) (Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2011;236:637)
- Those with CCR5-Δ32 mutation may have HIV resistance (Wikipedia: CCR5 [Accessed 14 November 2022])
Receptor for CD8 chemokines RANTES, MIP 1 alpha, MIP 1 beta, monocyte chemoattractant protein 2 (MCP2)
Also receptor for Staphylococcus aureus leukotoxin ED (Nature 2013;493:51)
Uses by pathologists: none
Positive staining - normal: T cells, macrophages
See Diagrams / tables

CD196 / CCR6

C-C chemokine receptor type 6 gene
Note: also refers to Clostridium difficile isolate
Member of G protein coupled receptor superfamily at 6q27, 374 amino acids (MW 42K Da) (Wikipedia: C-C Chemokine Receptor Type 6 [Accessed 14 November 2022])
Binds only a single ligand, CCL20 / macrophage inflammatory protein 3 alpha / MIP3 alpha (Exp Cell Res 2011;317:613)
Important for B lineage maturation, antigen driven B cell differentiation
Mediates recruitment of T cells to inflamed sites (Arthritis Res Ther 2012;14:R73, J Dermatol 2012;39:838)
CCL20-CCR6 axis mediates migration of circulating regulatory T cells into tumor microenvironment; may cause tumor progression in colon, liver, lung, prostatic carcinomas (PLoS One 2011;6:e24856, PLoS One 2011;6:e24671)
Clinical features:
- CCR6 polymorphisms are risk factor for rheumatoid arthritis in Asian females but a protective factor in males (DNA Cell Biol 2012;31:607)
  - Associated with chronic GVHD and invasive fungal disease (Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2011;17:1443)
- May be favorable prognostic factor in lung adenocarcinoma (Tumour Biol 2011;32:197)
- Some statins may help treat psoriasis by inhibiting CCL20 / CCR6 interaction (Exp Dermatol 2011;20:855)
- Memory CCR6+ CD4+ T cells are preferential targets for productive HIV1 infection (J Immunol 2011;186:4618)
Uses by pathologists: none
Positive staining - normal:
- Immature dendritic cells, memory T cells that produce IL17 or IL22 (Th17 or Th22) (J Exp Med 2011;208:1875)
- Lymphoid tissue in GI tract
Positive staining - disease:
- Gastric carcinoma (Pathol Int 2011;61:645)
- Lymphoma: mantle cell, marginal zone, MALT (Hum Pathol 2002;33:1227)
See Diagrams / tables

CD197 / CCR7

C-C chemokine receptor type 7
Ligands are CCL19 and CCL21 (Wikipedia: C-C Chemokine Receptor Type 7 [Accessed 14 November 2022])
Chemokine receptor that is 7 transmembrane domain G protein-coupled receptor
Facilitates T cell migration to and compartmentation within secondary lymph nodes (J Immunol 2011;187:5645, PLoS One 2011;6:e18183)
Promotes cell proliferation via extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) pathway; may prevent apoptosis by upregulating BCL2 and downregulating bax and caspase3 (PLoS One 2012;7:e33262)
Clinical features:
- Aberrant CCR7 expression in various malignancies has been linked to prosurvival, invasive and metastatic pathways (J Biol Chem 2012;287:3581)
- CCR7-CCL21 pathway may have role in rheumatoid arthritis angiogenesis (Arthritis Rheum 2012;64:2471)
- Macrophages participate in lymphangiogenesis in idiopathic diffuse alveolar damage through CCL19-CCR7 signal (Hum Pathol 2009;40:1553)
- 85 year old man with primary cutaneous aggressive epidermotropic CD8+ T cell lymphoma which transformed from indolent to aggressive phase in association with CCR7+ conversion (Dermatol Online J 2012;18:5)
Uses by pathologists: tumor infiltration by CCR7+ T cells may be favorable prognostic marker in advanced colorectal carcinoma (Clin Cancer Res 2012;18:850)
Positive staining - normal:
- Dendritic cells (Mediators Inflamm 2012;2012:320953)
- Macrophages (some)
- T lymphocytes (some) (Oncoimmunology 2012;1:531, Am J Clin Pathol 2010;133:281)
Positive staining - disease:
- Various carcinomas including:
  - Breast (J Cell Physiol 2013;228:341)
  - Esophagus (Ann Surg Oncol 2012;19:3606)
  - Head and neck: squamous cell (J Biol Chem 2012;287:3581)
  - Lung (PLoS One 2012;7:e33262)
  - Melanoma (Microcirculation 2011;18:172, Hum Pathol 2007;38:768)
  - MALT lymphoma and some diffuse large B cell lymphomas (Mod Pathol 2013;26:182)
See Diagrams / tables

CD198 / CCR8

Chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 8; also known as CDw198
Chemokine receptor associated with asthma / allergic diseases via Th2 pathway
Ligand is CCL1 (Wikipedia: CCR8 (gene) [Accessed 14 November 2022])
Antagonists may have efficacy against asthma
May play a role in macrophage recruitment and activation in:
- Type 1 diabetes (J Immunol 2007;179:5760)
- COPD (Clin Vaccine Immunol 2011;18:2050)
- Endometriosis (Fertil Steril 2007;88:317)
- May be alternate coreceptor for HIV1 and HIV2 (Virology 2010;408:174)
Uses by pathologists: no uses at this time
Positive staining - normal:
- Dendritic cells (Biochem Pharmacol 2012;83:778)
- Eosinophils
- T cells (particularly Th2) (Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011;407:764)
- Thymus

CD199 / CCR9

Also known as CDw199, GPR28, CC chemokine receptor 9
Chemokine receptor; mediates chemotaxis in response to thymus expressed chemokine (TECK) selectively expressed in thymus and small intestine
Clinical features:
- Abnormal regulation of chemokine TECK and its receptor CCR9 in endometriotic milieu is involved in pathogenesis of endometriosis (Cell Mol Immunol 2010;7:51)
- Has role in inflammatory bowel disease (Expert Opin Ther Targets 2009;13:297)
- CCR9 and its ligand CCL25 have important role in breast cancer cell survival and resistance to cisplatin (World J Surg Oncol 2011;9:46)
- Plays pivotal role in drug resistance and invasion in T-ALL, ovarian cancer (World J Surg Oncol 2010;8:62, J Ovarian Res 2010;3:15)
Uses by pathologists: none at this time
See Diagrams / tables